The new season is a great reason to make and keep resolutions. Whether it’s eating right or cleaning out the garage, here are some tips for making and keeping resolutions.
Create a Desired Level of Stress
Wine grapes (Vitis ssp.) are incredibly vigorous plants by nature. A cane can grow over 100 feet in length in a single season. Winegrowers are not interested in growing long canes, which is
vegetative growth. They want to direct the vines to put most of their vigor into
reproductive growth - producing quality fruit for winemaking. Limiting the number of canes and the size of the canopy through pruning and removal of fruit clusters have been the traditional methods to balance vegetative and reproductive growth. In irrigated viticulture, the deliberate creation of water stress in the vines by withholding water has become the method of choice to restrict canopy growth to benefit fruit quality. Called
Regulated
Deficit
Irrigation (RDI), it was enabled by drip irrigation, which allows for more uniform application of water in small amounts and at more frequent intervals than was possible with flood/furrow irrigation. The vines are given less water than they would be able to use for transpiration, creating a desired level of water stress to achieve defined goals of canopy growth and fruit development.
Use Less Water
Water stressed vines early in the season are undesirable, since this would limit initial canopy growth and yield by reducing cluster count, size, and reduced cell count per berry. Once berries enter the cell expansion phase, moderate water stress during pre-veraison can control vegetative growth without reducing photosynthesis of the existing canopy. From about two weeks prior to veraison until harvest, the correct level of water stress can increase sugar accumulation and fruit quality. Severe water deficit however must be avoided during this time, otherwise sugar production and accumulation is decreased, and increased berry sugar content is instead driven by dehydration. This creates poor quality fruit despite high sugar content. After harvest, watering should continue at a level that maintains the existing canopy until senescence, but without triggering new lateral shoot growth. Premature defoliation after harvest due to drought stress deprives the vine of the opportunity to accumulate carbohydrates for fall root growth and reserves for next season’s budbreak.
It is obviously not an easy task to reap the potential benefits of RDI and avoid negative results like excessive yield loss, poor quality, and damage to the vines. Successful RDI requires accurate monitoring of available soil moisture, plant water status, and atmospheric demand for evapotranspiration throughout the season. With that information, the correct water amount for RDI can be calculated and must then be precisely applied.
FarmX can simplify this process with real-time information and precise control of irrigation. FarmX deploys soil moisture sensing, on-site ET, IR plant stress sensors, and precise control of irrigation. We can control the whole irrigation stream from pump to block and down to small subsections of a vineyard block if desired. The information and irrigation control are available 24 hours a day wirelessly and remotely with FarmX, anywhere internet access is available.
For more in-depth reading:
http://cesanjoaquin.ucanr.edu/files/35706.pdf
http://www.vineyardteam.org/files/Regulated_Deficit_Irrigation_Mgmt.pdf
LinkedIn: /company/farmx | Instagram: @farmx.ag | Facebook: /gofarmx | Twitter: @gofarmx